Found inside – Page 1FLIGHT PERFORMANCE OF AN EXPLOSIVELY FORMED PENETRATOR G. Malejko J. Grau * U.S. Army Armament Research ... a number of well instrumented test firings were conducted to characterize the flight performance of a particular EFP design . Next, key elements of how to implement the method for design problems are described. Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2011 February 19 US Army and Marine Corps MRAPs: Mine Resistant Ambush ... Our experience includes shaped charge, explosively formed penetrator, fragmenting warhead and other energetics design. Basic Finite Element Method as Applied to Injury Biomechanics Found inside... by using a shaped charge that creates an explosively formed penetrator. IEDs are extremely diverse in design and may contain many types of initiators, detonators, penetrators, and explosive loads. Antipersonnel IEDs typically also ... Ammunition Systems and Warhead Technologies Armor Design Heavy and light armor for protection against shaped charges, EFPs, kinetic-energy penetrators. TECHNOLOGY AREA(S): Air Platform . Explosive is loaded behind the metal liner to fill the pipe. The precursor-follow through kinetic energy explosively formed penetrator assembly greatly enhances target penetration. The information on this website is for general information purposes only. 4,974,515. After one was used in Kabul … Explosively formed penetrator - How is Explosively formed penetrator abbreviated? The fines for each bank are as follows: Families of soldiers or civilians killed by Iranian-backed violence may be entitled to compensation under the Anti-Terrorism Act. [3] Some sophisticated EFP warheads have multiple detonators that can be fired in different arrangements causing different types of waveform in the explosive, resulting in either a long-rod penetrator, an aerodynamic slug projectile, or multiple high-velocity fragments. OBJECTIVE: Develop a cluster payload which can be launched and deployed from a GMLRS or ATACMS platform. Using Nickel-Tungsten Alloys to Produce Multiple ... Army RD & A Bulletin - Volume 97, Issue 6 - Page 43 In 1992, the United States passed the Anti-Terrorism Act. Explosively formed penetrators (EFPs) have been used in a number of munition systems to defeat armor, masonry and concrete targets. Explosively formed penetrator - How is Explosively formed ... Found inside – Page 111We will explore only projectile design for launch in this section, reserving design for flight and terminal effects ... and other specialized lethal systems, e.g., shaped charges (HEAT) and explosively formed penetrators (EFP) shells. SADARM, Sense and Destroy Armor, is an indirect fire-and-forget submunition in full-scale development at Aerojet Electronics Systems Division under contract with the U.S. Army Armament, Research, Development and Engineering Center, Dover, New Jersey. Ruijun Gou: 25th International Symposium on Ballistics 2010, p.744. Formation Mechanism of Linear Explosive Formed Penetrator ... An explosively formed penetrator--also known as an explosively formed projectile or a self-forging warhead--is a special type of shaped charge … [21], Shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively, Difference from conventional shaped charges, Non-circular explosively formed penetrators, Explosively Produced Flechettes; JASON report 66-121, Institute for Defense Analysis, 1966, ng.pdf, on the web, US military testing of SOFDK, M303 Special Operations Forces demolition kit, M2/M4 Selectable Lightweight Attack Munition (SLAM), "The Most Lethal Weapon Americans Faced in Iraq", "The Shaped Charge Concept, Part III. An EFP, on the other hand, has a liner face in the shape of a shallow dish. [3] Its theory dates back to 1792 but it real effect wasn’t achieved until 1883. Found inside – Page 108A. Organization of Designing in Ship - Building , AD - B133 841 Maloney , James Nuclear - Survivable C ( 3 ) System Design ... Gregory Aerodynamic Characteristics and Flight Performance of Several Explosively formed Penetrator Designs . Performance evaluation of … Found insideAn improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than those in conventional military ... will be designed for armor penetration, using a shaped charge that creates an explosively formed penetrator. EFPs, the Explosively-Formed Penetrator weapons used by Iraqi insurgents, are now spreading in Afghanistan as well. Veterans Account for 30% of all Mesothelioma Deaths in U.S. Upon detonation, the explosive projects the liner to form a projectile. Non-circular explosively formed penetrators can be formed based on modifications to the liner construction. Explosively Formed Penetrator (EFP) Warhead Explosively Forged Penetrator (EFP) Warhead. Detonation waves will bypass a wave shaper and propagate in the form of a horn wave in shaped charge. OLD Fragmentation/Blast Deep Penetration Defeat Walls & BMP! [14], Often mounted on crash barriers at window level, they are placed along roadsides at choke points where vehicles must slow down, such as intersections and junctions. Formation processes of LEFP were described through numerical simulation and the simulation results were in concordance with those of experiments. An IED designed for use against armoured targets such as personnel carriers or tanks will be designed for armour penetration, by using either a shaped charge or an explosively formed penetrator. The (single) EFP generally remains intact and is therefore able to penetrate armour at a long range, delivering a wide spray of fragments of liner material and vehicle armour backspall into the vehicle's interior, injuring its crew and damaging other systems.[7]. They were first developed as oil well perforators by American oil companies in the 1930s, and were deployed as weapons in World War II.[1][2]. Carlson Law Firm clients and Central Texas veterans Sergeant Gilberto Figueroa and Staff Sergeant Charles…, The Feres Doctrine is no longer an obstacle for military members hoping to pursue medical…, According to data from the Department of Veterans Affairs, there were about 20.4 million U.S.…. ), EFPs have been used in improvised explosive devices against armoured cars, for example[10] in the 1989 assassination of the German banker Alfred Herrhausen (attributed to the Red Army Faction),[11] and by Hezbollah in the 1990s. Such liners are utilized in high performance missiles used to defeat heavily armored vehicles and structures. We provide analysis of these systems and the effects on vehicles and other targets. Contact The Carlson Law Firm to discuss your case with a qualified EFP Lawyer. December31, 2008: The U.S. Marine Corps is buying additional armor kits for 196 of its Cougar MRAPs (Mine Resistant Ambush Protected) vehicles. Found inside – Page 175Note that hard structures between an explosive device and personnel can reduce these distances. Exnlosively Formed Projectiles aml Peneti'atoi's The explosively formed penetrator (EFP, or shaped charge) has become a form of IED that ... Found inside – Page 135... servicemembers who have suffered severe burns when their vehicles have been attacked by some form of conventional or ... designs , underbody Improvised Explosive Device improvement kits and Explosively Formed Penetrator Armor Kits . It was dropped off Hayabusa2 on to an asteroid and detonated. Bomb attacks killed nine American troops yesterday, north of Baghdad. that a few of the test penetrators were prevented from reaching the target due to impacts with the test fixture. In the agreements, the European banks masked U.S. dollar wire transaction to Iranian banks. More recently, some are backhauled to the studio with a bonded cellular … The design and theoretical analysis of EFP is a hot problem in the field of weapon engineering [Cardoso et al.,2016; Johnson et al.,2006; Weickert et al.,1993]. The force of the blast molds the liner into any of a number of shapes, depending on the shape of the plate and how the Each of the banks named in the lawsuit has already paid massive fines for conducting illicit business with Iran, other sanctioned countries and criminal organizations. As the name suggests, the effect of the explosive charge is to deform a metal plate into a slug or rod shape and accelerate it toward a target. The charges are generally cylindrical, fabricated from commonly available metal pipe, with the forward end closed by a concave copper or steel disk-shaped liner to create a shaped charge. The shaped charge utilizes the Munroe Effect. , an elite Iranian paramilitary organization, and Hezbollah. 朗读显. The airframe must use an aerodynamic design to resist heat and remain stable, it said. 4,974,515. A conventional shaped charge generally has a conical metal liner that projects a hypervelocityjet of metal able to penetrate to great depths into steel armour; in travel over some distance the jet breaks up along its length into particles that drift out of alignment, greatly diminishing its effectiveness at a distance. Applications of Shaped Charges", "U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory description of an EFP", U.S. Patent 5540156: Selectable effects EFP warhead, "DoD Directive 2000.19E, "Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (JIEDDO)", February 14, 2006", "There was a two-year learning curve ... and a lot of people died in those two years", "Superbomb Mystery: The Herrhausen Assassination", "POLITICS: U.S. Military Ignored Evidence of Iraqi-Made EFPs", "The truck the Pentagon wants and the firm that makes it - USATODAY.com", "The precision-made mine that has 'killed 17 British troops, "Dungannon man Patrick Carty charged over 'Iraq-style IED, "Derry bomb was 'Iraq style mortar' – UTV Live News", Photo of a Canadian "Mach 6 aerodynamic EFP", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Explosively_formed_penetrator&oldid=1053044718, Tactics of the Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 1 November 2021, at 15:45. Underground facilities are used extensively by many nations to conceal and protect strategic military functions and weapons' stockpiles. When fired, the explosive charge deforms a concave metal plate into a slug or rod shape. In total, the banks have agreed to pay nearly $3.2 billion in fines. The Skeet's Explosively Formed Penetrator (EFP) is the lethal component of the warhead. The N62E1 SONIC (Stand-Off Non-linear Intelligent Cartridge) is a "smart" tank-shell developed in Inyursta.It is designed for the Entengo 120mm "Marauder" cannon and planned to be deployed on both the M1A2 Alligator MBT and YT-2 Gavial Tank Destroyer.. As a top-attack munition, the N62E1 targets the vulnerable upper section of enemy MBT's with an Explosively formed penetrator (EFP). About how efficient would this be in terms of transferring chemical energy in the explosive to kinetic energy imparted to the penetrator? Xinwu Zeng, Honglu Xue : Explosion and Shock Waves, Vol. Dubbed “superbombs” because of their lethality, an Explosively Formed Penetrator (EFP) is a type of improvised explosive device (IED) that has had enormous effects on the U.S. Military in. 1.. IntroductionThe speed of typical Explosively Formed Penetrator (EFP) with copper liner is about 1700 ∼ 2500 m/s at point initiation, and the penetration depth on the steel target is half of the charge diameter.The use of new EFP charge liner material and high energy explosive can improve the EFP speed to more than 3000 m/s, and the penetration depth to the size of the charge diameter . Bomb attacks killed nine American troops yesterday, north of Baghdad. EFPs are self-forging warheads designed to effectively penetrate armor and fire in a way similar to cannons. Linear explosively formed penetrator (LEFP) is an optimal combination of linear cutting sword and conical shaped charge but is completely different with those two above. The shape forms as the plate accelerates toward an intended target. Misznay–Schardin effect. While the lawsuit does not assert a direct connection between the European banks and terrorist organizations, it does point to an indirect link. The effects of traditional explosions like blast-forces and metal fragments seldom disable armored vehicles, but the explosively formed solid copper penetrator is quite lethal—even to the new generation of mine-resistant vehicles (which are made to withstand an anti-tank mine), and many tanks. How to give full play to the energy accumulation effect of explosives and improve the penetration performance has become the main problem of EFP design. Found inside – Page 42... is designed to attack enemy artillery batteries and destroy their self - propelled howitzers using an explosively formed penetrator ( EFP ) to The sense and destroy armor submunition can be fired impact the top of the target . A nuclear-driven MEFP was apparently proposed by a member of the JASON group in 1966 for terminal ballistic missile defense. Further, the complaint claims that banks indirectly facilitated attacks by entering into agreements with Iranian banks. Yunpeng Shi, Baohui Yuan, Zhengfeng Liang : Chinese Journal of Explosives& Propellants, Vol. 761 Explosively Formed Penetrators (EFP) with Canted Fins The lawsuit alleges Barclays, HSBC, Credit Suisse, Standard Chartered Bank and Royal Bank of Scotland “committed acts of international terrorism.”, Specifically, the suit alleges that the European-based banks handled hundreds of billions of dollars in international transfers for Iranian banks. 1.5.3 Penetrator / Shaped Charge System Part II: Influence 52 of Design Parameters, Werner Arnold1, Ernst Rottenkolber2, 23rd International Symposium on Ballistics Tarragona, Spain 16-20 April 2007 1.5.4 Warhead Against Fortified or Armoured Targets, 55 Particularly for Damaging Runways, Roadway (A .50-caliber bullet, among the most devastating projectiles on the battlefield, weighs less than two ounces [57 g] and has a muzzle velocity of 900 meters per second. Using Nickel-Tungsten Alloys to Produce Multiple Explosively Formed Penetrator (MEFP) Warheads . The Verdict Podcast: 3M’s Defective Earplugs Changed Lives, Military Releases Guidelines on Medical Malpractice Lawsuits. Found inside... and specific material behaviors, as well as the ability of the models to effectively model target/threat interactions for a range of threat types—KE, shaped charges, explosively formed penetrators (EFP), and blast—is critical. Dozens of Hezbollah violence victims filed a lawsuit in November 2014 against five European banks. It hit the target at 210 meters with an even lower radial miss distance. The target will initially be perforated by the precursor penetrator with the second follow through Figure 3: MEFPwarhead models. The lawsuit goes on to connect Iranian financial institutions to the. Found inside – Page 29... advanced KE design and initial Multipurpose Extended - Range Munition ( MP - ERM ) and Smart Cargo designs ; warhead development of a compact shaped - charge and GEN II / collinear explosively formed penetrator ( EFP ) . As the name suggests, the effect of the explosive charge is to deform a metal plate into a slug or rod shape and accelerate it toward a target. Linear explosively formed penetrator (LEFP) is an optimal combination of linear cutting sword and conical shaped charge but is completely different with those two above. The submunition is delivered to the target area by a 155 mm Howitzer or a MLRS carrier where it is expelled and descends in a spiral spin pattern. When the high explosive detonates, the copper cone is instantly liquified. Found inside – Page 19We have gone to each of our prime manufacturers and asked them two questions : First , if your design is selected , will you ... that the warfighter wanted to withstand some stringent threat , the Explosively Formed Penetrator ( EFP ) . Superbombs 101. US6510797B1 - Segmented kinetic energy explosively formed penetrator assembly - Google Patents. EFPs are self-forging warheads designed to effectively penetrate armor and fire in a way similar to cannons. The vehicle that Castner inspected was eviscerated by an explosively formed penetrator (EFP), a weapon of Iranian engineering that was … There is actually something just like that used in the military. Upon detonation, the liner fragments along these intersections to form up to dozens of small, generally spheroidal projectiles, producing an effect similar to that of a shotgun. Shaped charges, explosively formed penetrators (EFPs), fragment warheads, reactive fragments. An EFP, on the other hand, has a liner face in the shape of a shallow dish. 2 Warheads modeling Previous efforts have demonstrated the successful application of explicit high rate finite difference and finite element computer modeling to the simulation and design of shaped charges (Baker and Campbell [6]) and EFPs (Baker and Liu [7], Fong et al [8]). The shaped charge consisted of 4.5 kg of plasticized HMX and a 2.5 kg copper liner. These banks concealed billions of dollars in transactions with their Iranian sponsors. The one pound copper EFP, moving at hypersonic speeds, performs a kinetic energy kill of the target, thus minimizing collateral damage. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. The explosion will form a copper explosively formed penetrator hitting the asteroid with a velocity of 2 km/s. The crater created by the impact will be a target for further observations by the onboard instruments. The shaped charge will consist of 4.5 kg of plasticized HMX and a 2.5 kg copper liner. A less sophisticated approach for changing the formation of an EFP is the use of wire mesh in front of the liner. USAF Research Laboratory. Found inside – Page 3Explosive formed projectile (EFP) is made up of casing, detonator, high explosive and liner. ... Today, designers use Lagrangian or finite element code exclusively to obtain flared EFP, finned EFP, and long-rod EFP by varying the ... ScienceApe 03:18, 19 February 2011 (UTC) Superbombs 101. A conventional shaped charge generally has a conical metal liner that projects a hypervelocityjet of metal able to penetrate to great depths into steel armour; however, in travel over some distance the jet breaks up along its length into particles that drift out of alignment, greatly diminishing its effectiveness at a distance. Pengfei Li, Chuan Xiao, Lixia Wang: Chinese Journal of Explosives& Propellants, Vol. [4] Basic ideas and procedures of Kalman filters are first recalled. The Act allows victims to file lawsuits against those who finance terrorist groups—including foreign banks. This book is essential reading for pre-hospital care providers and nurses working in the emergency room, as well as military surgeons and medical and nursing staff on deployment in regions of conflict. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Maneuvering is … Found inside – Page 108Prototype high density explosively formed penetrator rods were tested against rolled homogeneous armor in FY 1985 with ... Logistics R & D efforts will provide in FY 1988 a computer aided technique for packaging design and new ... For more information, you can reach us at 800-359-5690 or 866-430-3010. [2] The first shot, whlchwe designate as H853, used Honeywell’s liner design #1; the. [18] This design can be further modified to be similar to US4649828A with multiple cut and bent steel bars lined side by side instead of a singular liner. 4,974,515. In Northern Ireland similar devices have been discovered that were developed by dissident Republican groups for intended use against the police. EFPs can breach tank armor 300 feet away. What is an Explosively Formed Penetrator? The explosively formed penetrators are ejected radially outward in a 360° pattern tangent to the ground. Hydrocode simulations are carried out using Ansys Autodyn (version 11.0) to study the effects of the liner material (mild steel, copper, armco iron, tantalum, and aluminum) on the shape, velocity, traveled distance, pressure, internal energy, temperature, divergence or stability, density, compression, and length-to-diameter ratio of explosively formed projectiles. Our experience includes shaped charge, explosively formed penetrator, fragmenting warhead and other energetics design. When fired, the explosive charge deforms a concave metal plate into a slug or rod shape. An explosively formed penetrator (EFP), also known as an explosively formed projectile, a self-forging warhead, or a self-forging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively at standoff distances. Nothing on this site should be taken as legal advice for any individual case or situation. Found inside – Page 365HIGH - ENERGY FLASH RADIOGRAPHY OF TWO AXISYMMETRIC COPPER EXPLOSIVELY FORMED PENETRATORS J. MICHAEL CHRISTIAN ... Along with the experimental data , we make available the original design specifications of the two warheads . Explosively Formed Penetrator (EFP) Warhead Explosively Forged Penetrator (EFP) Warhead. In addition, the book focuses on how to apply material properties and loading conditions to the model, how to arrange the information in the order of head, neck, upper torso and upper extremity, lower torso and pelvis and lower extremity. and explosively formed penetrator (EFP) warheads. Pengcheng Wang, Liqun Ai, Yungang Li, Xiaoming Sang and Jinglong Bu, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.295-297.1643. Found inside – Page 29designed for use against armored targets, such as personnel carriers or tanks, will be designed for armor penetration by using either a shaped charge or an explosively formed penetrator. IEDs are extremely diverse in design and may ... When all attempts at diplomacy have failed and military intervention becomes the only solution, refractory metals such as tantalum and molybdenum offer the highest performance in shaped charge and explosively formed penetrator liners. This patent also discloses radial ejection of the EFPs in a 360° pattern to defeat nearby targets in a plane normal to the warhead axis. The primary applications are for mining and for the defeat of armor. Technology for design and development of shaped charges and explosively formed penetrators for anti-tank, anti-ship, and anti-submarine applications? DE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. At DET, we strive to be a dependable, valued partner with our customers and suppliers by leveraging our cutting-edge skills and expertise to resolve design and manufacturing challenges. The mesh causes the liner to fragment into multiple penetrators.[4]. 295-297. During this time, we have built a reputation for success and have received numerous awards. Previously, EFP warheads were designed to produce a single rod shaped or ball shaped penetrator for deep armor penetration. It is Explosively formed penetrator. A round plate is placed over some tube filled with explosives and when they explode they propel the plate forward. LEFP forming mechanisms of linear shaped charge initiated from the mid-point were studied with combined method of theoretical analysis, experiments and numerical simulation. [19][20], The spacecraft Hayabusa2 carried a small carry-on impactor. [8] The Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle is the newest land warfare system in the United States Army and Marine Corps inventory. Found inside – Page 109They involve a multitude of factors such as the type of explosive payload, the design of the explosive, ... as a flat top plate - as opposed to concave top plates, commonly seen in explosively formed penetrator/projectiles (EFPs) [9]. For other weapon systems where the size does not matter, a copper liner of double the calibre is used. It’s not known, yet, whether these weapons responsible were … A conventional shaped charge generally has a conical metal liner that projects a hypervelocity jet of metal able to penetrate steel armour to great depths; in travel over some distance the jet breaks up along its length into particles that drift out of alignment, greatly diminishing its effectiveness in such cases. Looking for abbreviations of EFP? Explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) are widely used in civil applications and the military field for their excellent impact performance. EFPs are self-forging warheads designed to effectively penetrate armor and fire in a way similar to cannons. Figure 5 shows excellent correlation of the pattern simulation verses test results for a rectangular warhead design. In order to do this, EFPs must be aerodynamically stable so as to strike the target with a small angle of obliquity，and the decay velocity per meter of EFP must be smaller. This information is not intended to create, and receipt or viewing does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship. The penetration is proportional to the density of the liner metal; tantalum 16.654 g/cm3, copper 8.960 g/cm3, iron 7.874 g/cm3. 6 (3)( 1994), p.85. As the name suggests, the effect of the explosive charge is to deform a metal plate into a slug or rod shape and accelerate it toward a target. Click to see full answer Then, what is the difference between ENG and EFP? . Found inside – Page 1483CEFP6 warhead was a new EFP warhead which assemble a plurality of liners on the outer surface of spherically shaped explosive and ... 1 INTRODUCTION The design technology of the battlefield armor had been significantly advanced. [7] Explosively formed penetrator efficiency. 30(3)( 2007), p.37. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. As the use of approximations is often the only way to deal with the optimization of complex structures, this paper discusses the use of Kalman filtering as a new approach for building global approximations. In the airframe and warhead technology category, it is looking for a light-weight penetrating warhead and an explosively formed penetrator. Found inside – Page 108Prototype high density explosively formed penetrator rods were tested against rolled homogeneous armor in FY 1985 with ... Logistics R & D efforts will provide in FY 1988 a computer aided technique for packaging design and new ...

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